Deer Resistant Plants and Flowers to Grow in your Garden

Deer are selective feeders, so often plants that would normally become fodder can be used in your garden if there is a more tempting morsel nearby. An alternate food source can be planted away from your garden if necessary. This, however is no guarantee... just a thought of how you might be able to help the critters at the same time as protecting your shrubs.
There are dozens of different type repellants that are sometimes successful as well, which can be used in defined areas. They include some that are tacky, distasteful and sometimes downright rude. I'm sure many of these items are readily available at your local nursery, but as to the others.....
Any repellant can become ineffective in a short time when the deer realize that they have nothing to fear, so these may become more trouble than they are worth.
While there are no plants that are deer proof, there are many that are far less prone to attract deer. They tend to dislike plants which are thorny, poisonous, sticky, or with cottony leaves, or plants that just taste bad
Droughts and other extreme weather conditions can create a serious food shortage for deer, and consequently cause them to lose their inhibitions and eat plants which they would otherwise ignore.

Deer repellants

Nylon stocking with human hair inside
Hanging mirrors/ tinfoil strips
Human urine, predator urine or droppings
Deodorant soap
Dried blood bloodmeal in a cloth bag
Milorganite
Commercial products

Common Name	Botanical Name	Height	Plant Characteristics and Notes	USDA Zones	Growing Requirements Benefits
Alpine Columbine	Aquilegia flabellata	6-12"	Violet with white flowers are borne on stiff stalks above the lacy bluish green foliage of the durable, self seeding Alpine Columbine	3-9
Alpine Pinks	Dianthus alpinus	4-8"	This true alpine species of Pinks forms cushions of neat, dark green foliage. In mid-summer they produce dozens of extra large but otherwise typical looking, sweet smelling Dianthus flowers. Deer resistant	4-9
Alpine Speedwell	Veronica allionii	8"x18"	Groundcover, Rock Gardens, Containers, Lawn Substitute This evergreen Veronica forms a tight mat of soft green foliage. An abundance of small spikes of light blue flowers arise in early summer. Mow or shear flower spikes down after bloom to keep neat.	4-9
Alpine Speedwell	Veronica alpina	8"x18"	Rock Gardens, Containers Easy to grow creeping evergreen with 1"-2", glossy green or fuzzy gray foliage. Blooms mainly in spring, flowering on and off until fall, producing airy spikes of white, rose, pink, pale or deep blue flowers.	3-8
Aster	Aster novae-angliae	12-24"	Asters grow into a dense mound of light green foliage. In May and through June, the plant will become covered with soft, 1 1/2" white, purple, pink or red flowers	4-9
Avens	Geum chiloense	16-18"	Geums form 16"-18" tall, spreading mounds of evergreen, coarsly textured, dark green leaves. From May until July they produce leafy, 24" branching stems that hold intensely colored, solitary, 1"-1¾" flowers or small clusters of smaller, brightly colored flowers.	5-9
Azalea	Rhododendron	1-8 ft.	Azaleas must be grown in an acid soil, with a pH of 5.0 to 6.5. The buds for next years blooms will be formed this year, so it important that the faded blooms are removed	6-8
Bearded Iris	Iris germanica	6-48"	Bearded Iris are a rhizomous type of Iris should be planted fertile, well drained soil where they will receive 5-8 hours of sun each day. They are available in almost every color imaginable.	Hardy
Bears Breeches	Acanthus species	3-4 ft.	Bear's Breeches are huge, mound forming perennials with dramatic, deeply cut, bright green leaves that can reach one foot wide and two feet long. From late spring until mid summer, they produce impressive, 2-3 foot tall spikes of hooded, white or light pink flowers.	5-10
Bee Balm	Monarda didyma	2-4 ft.	Like other members of the Mint Family, Bee Balm can become invasive. The plant should be divided every 3 years to keep it tidy. Stimulate a second flowering in the same year by cutting the bright crimson flowers right after they bloom	4-8
Black Eyed Susan	Rudbeckia hirta	24-36	The Black Eyed Susan is most commonly an annual wildflower, but some varieties are perennial or biennial. These native prairie flowers can be found growing wild in almost every state. These bright, daisy like flowers are excellent to use in cut flower arrangements. Deadheading spent flowers will prolong the blooming period considerably.	3-8
Black Mondo Grass	Ophiopogon planiscapus	6-12"	Black Mondo Grass grows as neat, slowly spreading, 4" tufts of ¼" wide, sweetly fragrant, straplike leaves. New foliage emerges dark green in spring then changes to dark purplish-black by summer.Loose spikes of small, light pink or white, bell shaped flowers appear in mid summer.	5-9
Bluebeard	Caryopteris clandonensis	2-3 ft.	Bluebeard plants are low growing shrubs that are covered with fragrant, blue flowers in late summer and early fall. The silvery green, 1"-2" leaves have a light aroma of Eucalyptus when rubbed. Bluebeard flowers are a favorite food for butterflies and bees.	5-9
Blue Bugleweed	Ajuga genevensis	4-6"	Typical Ajuga with 8" blue flowers in the Spring. Deer Resistant ground cover	3-9
Blue Hill Sage	Salvia superba	12-15"	Narrow erect plant with irregular leaves, spikes of intensely bluish purple flowers all Summer if spent flowers are removed. Drought tolerant, Prefers slightly alkaline soil	4-8
Bugleweed	Ajuga reptens	4-6"	Ajuga grows well in full shade to full sun and tolerates a wide range of soil conditions as long as soil is well drained.	3-9
Butterfly bush	Buddleia davidii	6-15 ft.	The Butterfly Bush is a fast growing, profuse blooming, deciduous shrub that will grow in almost any type of soil. Prune hard in early spring and remove spent flowers promptly.	5-10
Butterfly Gaura	Gaura lindheimeri	2-4 ft.	Butterfly Gaura are shrubby, perennial wildflowers that are closely related to the Evening Primrose. From late spring until first frost, they produce 8"-24" spikes of 1" flowers that are white when they open at dawn and fade to rose-pink as the sun sets.	5-10
Calla Lily	Zantedeschia aethiopica	1-4 ft	Callas are rhizomous, clump forming plants known for their large, lush green foliage and beautiful, stately white, pink, yellow or red flowers. These Arums are worth growing for their long lasting cut flowers alone.	8-11
Carolina Jasmine	Gelsemium sempervirens		Semi-evergreen, yellow trumpet blooms in spring, quickly climbs to great heights where it forms masses of foliage and bloom	7-9
Cineraria	Pericallis cruenta	12-24"	Cineraria plants form 12"-24" tall, mounded clumps of large, lush, bright green leaves which create a nice accent for the vividly colored, 3"-5" flowers that stand above it in the spring and summer.	9-11
Columbine	Aquilegia	12-18"	The Columbine is an easy plant to grow because it adapts itself to a wide variety of conditions. They are a favorite flower for hummingbirds, and are excellent additions to rock gardens or in a native woodland planting	3-9
Cinquefoil	Potentilla fruticosa	2-3 ft.	Potentillas prefer well-drained, reasonably rich soil, but will tolerate clay, rocky, or even slightly alkaline soils as well. Loads of pink or yellow 'buttercup' flowers in June.	2-7
Clustered Bellflower	Campanula glomerata	12-24"	Clustered Bellflowers are upright growing perennials with light green, fuzzy lance shaped foliage. They produce a cluster of one inch, vase shaped flowers atop 2 ft. stems all summer if the spent blossoms are removed promptly	3-8
Coral Bells	Heuchera sanguinea	12-18"	Coral Bells are compact growing, 18" mounding, evergreen plants that offer a growing variety of outstanding foliage colors in shades of purple, rose, lime green, gold as well as many striking variegations.	6-9
Cosmos	Cosmos bipinnatus	3-5 ft.	Cosmos are extremely heat and drought tolerant. They prefer full sun and do well in poor, infertile soil. Cosmos plants come in a rainbow of summer blooming flower colors
Cotoneaster	Cotoneaster	3"-15 ft.	Cotoneaster is an extremely diverse genus of plants which includes ground covers, dwarf sized bushes and large sprawling shrubs. The flowers are generally small and appear from spring to early summer followed by bright red or orange berries for the birds to eat in winter.	vary
Creeping Mazus	Mazus reptans	1-3"	These Cup Flowers are fast spreading ground cover plants that quickly form a dense mass of jagged light green foliage. Covers itself with pretty, orchid-like flowers in the late spring. Good for planting between pavers or as a carpet-like border planting	5-9
Creeping Speedwell	Veronica prostrata	6"x24"	Groundcover, Rock Gardens, Borders, Woody, mat forming plant with coarsely serrated edges. Produces loose spikes of small blue, star shaped flowers in early summer. Deadhead spent flowers for a rebloom in early fall. Drought tolerant once established.	5-9
Creeping Speedwell	Veronica repens	1"x18"	Groundcover, Rock Gardens Forms a fast growing, spreading evergreen mat of small, glossy green leaves. Produces small, pale blue or white flowersall spring. Ideal for growing between flagstones.	5-9
Crown Imperial	Fritillaria imperialis	3-4 ft.	Crown Imperials are impressive, spring flowering bulbs that have been cultivated since the 16th century. Once the stalk begins to emerge in mid-spring, it grows very quickly to a height of 3-4 feet and adorns itself with a crown of nodding, bell shaped flowers topped with a tuft of bright, glossy green leaves.	5-9
Cypress Vine	Ipomoea quamoclit		Cypress vine is a fast growing member of the Morning Glory family with attractive, feather-like foliage and pretty, 1½ star shaped tube flowers in late summer. Can be easily grown from soaked or nicked seeds

Dahlias	Dahlia	1-6 ft.	With a blast of different colors, shapes and sizes, Dahlias bring life and beauty back to your landscape in late summer and into the fall months. The flowers can be as small as 2 inches or up to a foot in diameter.	7-11
Deer Fern	Blechnum spicant	18-24"	Deer Ferns resemble miniature Sword ferns but smaller with rounded fronds. They are drought tolerate but do best if kept damp	5-8
Dutch Iris	Iris reticulata	6-10"	Dutch Iris should be grown in rich, well draining soil with 5-8 hours of sun each day. Dutch Iris bulbs can be forced into bloom at any time of the year with no chilling, should be fed every 2 weeks	3-10
Dwarf Yarrow	Achillea kellereri	8"	Dwarf Yarrow is a vigorous growing perennial with silvery strap-like leaves that add interest when the plant is out of bloom. It produces a profusion of large white or yellow flower clusters that continue throughout the summer.	5-10
English Lavender	Lavandula	12-24	English Lavender is an evergreen, upright clumping perennial with bluish green, grass-like foliage. The small, fragrant flowers are held in long spikes at the top of the stems. For dried flowers, cut when the spikes first show color but the flowers are not fully open and hang inverted, in a cool dry place	6-9
Evening Primrose (hardy)	Oenothera speciosa	6-18"	The hardy Evening Primrose is a compact, low growing, mound forming wildflower that is native to most parts of the United States. It produces an abundance of 1-2" pink or white cup flowers all through the summer	5-8
Exbury Azalea	Rhododendron	4-12 ft.	Deciduous Exbury Azaleas bloom in late spring or early summer, producing clusters of 7-18 large, 2"-3", often very fragrant, often bi-colored flowers in shades of yellow, orange, pink, red and white.	5-9
False Aralia	Schefflera elegantissima	4-6 ft.	False Aralias are small, tropical evergreen trees that are native to the islands of the South Pacific. In their native environment, Schefflera elegantissima can grow up to 26 feet tall, but when grown in pots or planters they seldom reach more than 4-6 feet tall.	10-12
Feather Reed Grass	Calamagrostis acutiflora	5-7 ft.	Feather Reed Grass is fairly drought resistant and tolerates a wide range of garden soils. It is deer resistant plant	4-9
Florist's Carnation	Dianthus caryophyllus	6-12"	Florist's Carnations are actually tender perennials that are best grown from seed as an annual and then disposed of. They prefer alkaline soil and dislike heat. They produce richly fragrant flowers in the summer
Floss Flower	Ageratum	6-24"	Ageratum is known for its furry mounds of long lasting floss-like blue flowers, occasionally you can find them in white and pink. Deadhead regularly for continued bloom
Flowering Quince	Chaenomeles speciosa	3-10 ft.	Flowering Quince is a twiggy, rounded upright deciduous shrub. The 1" foliage opens to a beautiful reddish bronze color before turning dark green by mid summer. Showy cup shaped flowers cover each stem in the spring before turning to an edible fruit by summers end	4-8
Foamflower	Tiarella cordifolia	6-10"	Foamflowers are easy to grow, perennial wildflowers that form 6"-10" tall clumps of heart shaped leaves. They quickly spread to form nice two foot patches of this shade loving groundcover. Tiarella produce whispy plumes of creamy white or pale pink, ¼" star shaped flowers.	3-8
Forget-me-not	Myosotis palustris	3-8"	Dense mat of small green leaves covered with tiny blue flowers.	3-9
Foxgloves	Digitalis purpurea	3-6 ft.	Foxglove is a biennial flower which is native to Europe but now grows wild in most temperate climates of the world. Foxgloves prefer moist, well draining, fertile soil but can survive drought and almost any growing conditions.
Garden Pinks	Dianthus	6-12"	Most Garden Pinks are tender perennial or biennial clump forming plants that prefer alkaline soil and dislike heat. They produce richly fragrant flowers in the spring or summer, sometimes extending right up until the first frost.
Geranium	Pelargonium hortorum	8-12"	Geraniums are among the most popular flowering plants. They belong to a large family of sun loving annuals and tender perennials so should be planted outdoors where they will receive at least 6 to 8 hours of sunlight daily, but only after all danger of frost is past and the soil has warmed.	9-11
Golden Chain Tree	Laburnum watereri	12-15 ft.	Golden Chain Trees are fairly ordinary looking plants when they are not in bloom... but... when the 12"-24" pendulous clusters of bright yellow, pea-like flowers open, the Golden Chain Tree transforms into a real traffic stopper.	5-7
Golden Loosestrife	Lysimachia punctata	3-4 ft.	Golden Loosestrife is an excellent plant for bog gardens or next to ponds and streams. This 3-4 foot tall perennial has light green, 3" leaves with serrated edges. In the summer, they produce abundant spikes of star shaped, golden yellow flowers, tinged in red at the base.	5-10
Gold Plate Yarrow	Achillea filipendulina	4 ft.	Gold Plate Yarrow is a long blooming perennial with fern like greyish green foliage and 4-6" bright yellow flower clusters	3-10
Hardy Carnation	Dianthus caryophyllus	6-12"	Hardy Carnations are low maintenance, long blooming perennials. (Unfortunately they are only hardy to zone 8) They prefer alkaline soil and dislike heat. They produce their sweetly fragrant flowers all spring	8-10
Heartleaf Saxifrage	Bergenia cordifolia	10-15"	Bergenia's clusters of purple-pink flowers are produced atop twelve inch burgundy stems in the early spring. Glossy 8 inch heart shaped leaves	3-9
Hungarian Speedwell	Veronica austriaca	12"x18"	Groundcover, Rock Gardens, Borders, Containers Mound forming evergreen with 1"-2", oval, deep green leaves. Six inch spikes of intensely colored, deep blue flowers appear in summer and last for 3-4 weeks.	5-9
Iron Cross Begonia	Begonia masoniana	8-15"	Iron Cross Begonias have some of the most unique foliage in the plant world. Each heavily textured, bristly, light green leaf bears a reddish-brown marking resembling the Iron Cross used on shields and flags during the Crusades of medieval times.	10-11
Heliotrope	Heliotropium arborescens	1-6 ft.	Heliotropes are also known by the old-fashioned name of Cherry Pie. They are frost tender, evergreen shrubs that are most often grown as annual bedding plants. Their main attraction is the aroma from their clusters of tiny flowers with the sweet fragrance of vanilla or cherry pie.	10-11
Holly	Ilex aquifolium	50 ft.	Holly trees require well-drained, slightly acidic, fertile soil. They can tolerate either sun and shade. The male and female flowers of the holly tree are produced on separate plants. Therefore to ensure berry production, both male and female plants need to be planted.	6-8
Impatiens	Impatiens	12"	Impatiens are colorful, easy to grow annuals that are especially great for adding bright color spots in the shady areas of your garden. Can be grown as a house plant. Can be easily grown from seed		>
Ivy Geranium	Pelargonium peltatum		The Ivy Leaved Geranium is a frost tender, climbing and trailing, semi succulent perennial that produces clusters of orchid-like flowers at the vine tips all summer. Good in hanging baskets. They can be propagated by softwood cuttings or grown from seed	9-11
Japanese Iris	Iris japonica	12-24"	The foliage of the Japanese Iris resembles that of a Daylily more than of other Iris but the flowers are unmistakably Iris. Japanese Iris produces masses of blooms in late spring	Hardy
Japanese Spurge	Pachysandra terminalis	6-10"	Pachysandra is a very easy to care for, durable, low growing, mat forming, slow spreading ground cover plant that grow on thick, unbranched stems to about 6" tall in partial shade and 10" in deep shade.	5-9
Knotweed	Persicaria bistorta	2-3 ft.	Knotweed or Bistort plants are low maintenance, quick growing, semi-evergreen perennials with bright green, lance shaped leaves. Knotweed plants produce -bottlebrush-like spikes of tiny, pink, bell-shaped flowers on leafless stems that rise above the foliage from late spring into early fall.	4-9
Lady's Mantle	Alchemilla mollis	12-18"	Lady's mantle is a clump forming perennial with light green foliage that resembles that of the Geranium except that Lady's Mantle has crinkled edges. Tiny, star-shaped flowers appear in loose clusters in late spring to early summer	4-8
Lantana	Lantana camara Lantana montevidensis	1-4 ft.	Lantanas are fast growing, shrubby, spreading or trailing evergreen plants that grow from one to four feet tall. Lantana plants produce flat-topped 2" clusters of bright, multi-colored tubular flowers in the summer and fall.	7-11
Leopard Plant	Ligularia	2-3 ft.	Ligularias are unusual, old world perennials with big leaves with long leaf stalks and unique daisy-like flowers. They are excellent specimen plants for growing in tubs, boggy areas or along the banks of stream or pond. The ideal location for growing most Ligularias is in a bog garden with fertile, humus-rich soil in partial shade.	4-9
Lilacs	Syringa vulgaris	5-8 ft.	Lilacs require full sun for maximum bloom. They prefer a slightly alkaline soil (pH 7.5). Most Lilacs require a pronounced winter chilling period or they may fail to bloom the following year	3-7
Lily of the Valley	Convallaria majalis	5-6"	Lily of the Valley bulbs will bloom in just 3-4 weeks if potted up at 65°. In the garden, Lily of the Valley's sweetly scented flowers bloom in early spring. They like partial to full shade and are perfect for your shade garden.	Hardy
Lime-green Sedge	Carex comans 'Frosted Curls'	1 ft.	Frosted Curls produces compact clumps of fine silvery green foliage with curly ends. It is deer resistant plant and will tolerate wet conditions	7-9
Lithodora	Lithodora prostrata	4-6"	A fuzzy foliaged, creeping form of Lithodora. It is useful as a ground cover and for border plantings. It produces masses of deep blue (sometimes bi-color), star shaped flowers in early Spring	6-8
Lithodora 'Grace Ward'	Lithodora diffusa	6-12"	Lithodora is a fuzzy foliaged, evergreen mini-shrub that is useful as a ground cover and for border plantings. It produces masses of deep blue (sometimes bi-color), funnel shaped flowers in early Spring	6-10
Marigold	Tagetes	8-36"	Marigolds are one of the easiest of all plants to grow and care for, making them a perfect plant for teaching young children about growing and gardening. These spunky little plants are only hardy in zones 9-11 so they are normally grown as annual bedding plants.	9-11
Meadow Rue	Thalictrum aquilegifolium	2-3 ft.	Meadow Rue plants are mound forming perennials that will grow to about three feet tall and spread to about 18". They are known for their lacy, bluish green foliage that closely resembles that of the Columbine plant. A great addition to any Butterfly garden	5-8
Meadow Sage	Salvia nemorosa	3 ft.	Narrow erect plant with irregular leaves, spikes of small purple to white blooms in the Summer. Prefers slightly alkaline soil	5-10
Mexican Feather Grass	Stipa tenuissima	1-2 ft.	Mexican Feather Grass forms compact clumps of fine, thread-like foliage. Produces a a profusion of feather-like, yellowish green flower panicles all summer. Deer resistant	7-10
Mint	Mentha	6-24"	Mint plants are fragrant, easy to grow, sometimes invasive, drought tolerant perennials that range from low growing ground covers to two foot uprights. Flowers should be snipped away to strengthen the stems. Attracts Butterflies: Swallowtails, Cabbage White, Gray Hairstreak, Painted Ladies, Red Admiral, Monarch, Large Wood Nymph	3-10
Monkey Flower	Mimulus hybridus	1 ft.	The Monkey Flower is a colorful, easy to grow addition to the shaded areas of your garden. This plant grows well in containers and can be grown as a house plant
Morning Glory	Ipomoea species	10-20 ft.	Morning Glories are very fast growing vines that are capable of growing 10 feet or more within the first two months. They readily reseed themselves for the next year. Morning Glory vines may become invasive	9-12
Mountain Garland	Clarkia elegans	18-24"	The Mountain Garland is a fast growing, easy care annual plant that produces an abundance of bright, double flowers on tall whispy stems. Excellent for cut flowers. Can be easily grown from seed
Mountain Speedwell	Veronica montana	3"x12"	Groundcover, Rock Gardens, Borders, Containers Spreading, mound forming groundcover with small, variegated, cream and green leaves with scalloped edges. Produces small clusters and tiny lilac flowers in late spring into early summer.	3-9
Orange New Zealand Sedge	Carex testacea	1-2 ft.	The fine orangeish-brown foliage of the Orange New Zealand Sedge is unpopular with some gardeners who think it makes the plant look dead. Deer resistant	7-9
Oregon Grape	Mahonia aquifolium	3-6 ft.	Oregon Grape is a deer resistant, low maintenance, durable, evergreen shrub with glossy green, holly like foliage. It produces spikey clusters of Butterfly attracting, bright yellow flowers in the spring, followed by bluish-black berries to feed the birds.	5-9
Oriental Poppy	Papaver orientale	18-36"	Poppy plants form 18"-36" tall clumps of deeply divided green leaves that are covered with fine bristles. These undemanding perennials slowly spread by rhizomes to form nice two to three foot colonies. Their flowers have the texture of silky crepe paper.	3-7
Palm Sedge	Carex muskingumensis	2-3 ft.	Palm Sedge has an interesting whorling habit to its growth. The tips of the light green foliage branch to resemble tiny Palm trees. Deer resistant	4-9
Pampas Grass	Cortaderia selloana	8-10 ft.	Pampas Grass is an impressive, fast growing plant due to its size and durability as well as its large plumes of showy white to pink flowers (Cortaderia selloana 'Rosea'). Once it becomes well established, it is very drought tolerant and nearly indestructible plant.	7-10
Periwinkle	Vinca	6"	Periwinkles are fast growing, evergreen ground cover plants with opposing pairs of glossy dark green or variegated, oblong to lance shaped, 1½"-3" leaves. They produce an abundance of single, 1"-2" funnel shaped flowers with five flared and flattened petals.	4-9 7-10
Peruvian Lily	Alstroemeria	2-3 ft.	Peruvian Lily plants are easy to care for, tuberous rooted perennials with bright green, lance shaped foliage that grow 2-3 feet tall. They produce loose clusters of speckled, 1½"-2" Azalea-like flowers on long, leafy stems in late spring into mid summer.	7-10
Pincushion Flower	Scabiosa columnaria	1-2 ft.	The Pincushion Flower is a long blooming, clump forming perennial. From early summer until the first frost of fall, Pincushion Flowers produce an abundance of rounded, 1½" flowerheads on top of wirey, 12"-24" stems.	4-8
Poinsettia	Euphorbia pulcherrima	1-8 ft.	Poinsettias are perennials, so it's possible to keep them growing from year to year. In order to get them to produce their flower bracts again next December, they must be kept at 50 degrees and kept in total darkness for 14 hours per day beginning in mid September.	10-12
Powder Puff Tree	Calliandra haematocephala	3-10 ft.	Calliandra haematocephala, commonly known as the Powder Puff Tree grow up to 10 feet tall with an equal spread, but dwarf, 3-6 foot varieties are also available, which are more appropriate in colder regions where you will need to over-winter your plant indoors.	10-12
Powis Castle Artemisia	Artemisia 'Powis Castle'	2-3 ft.	Powis Castle Artemisias are shrubby, mound forming perennials are grown for their finely dissected, aromatic, silvery-blue foliage. Powis Castle plants are evergreen (eversilver?) in warm winter regions. They form soft mounds that grow 2-3 feet tall and wide.	6-10
Purple Coneflower	Echinacea purpurea	2-4 ft.	Purple Coneflowers produce large, fragrant pink flowers beginning in April and May. The three to five foot flower stalks make them an excellent background planting for your landscape, or in a butterfly garden.	3-9
Red Dragon Fleeceflower	Persicaria microcephala	2-3 ft.	The Red Dragon Fleeceflower is a fast growing, low maintenance, spreading perennial that grows 2-3 feet tall, with a 3 foot spread. They are known for their bright red stems and stunning, 3"-4", lance shaped, deep burgundy leaves. The sprays of tiny, white flowers and the foliage are both useful in cut flower arrangements.	4-9
Red Twig Dogwood	Cornus stolonifera	15 ft.	The Red Twig Dogwood is native to most of the northern United States and Canada. The white blooms appear in the Spring, white berries appear in late summer and provide a treat for the birds, then in the fall the foliage turns to a deep crimson red.	3-8
Redvein Enkianthus	Enkianthus campanulatus	10 ft	Redvein Enkianthus are deciduous shrubs known for their small, densely clustered, lightly scented bell shaped flowers that appear in late spring and the layered effect of their small, stiff, bluish-green leaves. In the fall, the foliage turns to shades of yellow, orange or red.	6-9
Reiger Begonia	Begonia tuberhybrida	6-12"	Reiger Begonias are a hybrid cross between Tuberous Begonias and Wax Begonias. With proper care, they will remain in bloom for several months. They can be planted in pots and grown as a house plant	9-11
Rhododendron 'Blitz'	Rhododendron	5 ft.	Rhododendron 'Blitz' has deep red, trumpet shaped flowers in late May. Rhododendrons must be grown in an acid soil, with a pH of 5.0 to 6.5. They will not tolerate lime.	2-8
Rhododendron 'Purple Splendour'	Rhododendron	5 ft.	Rhododendron 'Purple Splendour' has deep purple flowers with black blotching in late May. Rhododendrons must be grown in an acid soil, with a pH of 5.0 to 6.5. They will not tolerate lime.	2-8
Rhododendron 'Wren'	Rhododendron 'Wren'	12"	Low growing, mounding miniature Rhododendron with bright yellow flowers	3
Sage	Salvia officinalis	2-3 ft.	Sage is a short lived evergreen shrub with fuzzy, greyish green leaves. Camphor scented, purplish blue flowers appear in mid-summer. Sage is used in cooking, cosmetics and herbal remedies	5-11
Salal	Gaultheria shallon	2-8 ft.	Salal is a deer resistant, low growing shrub that prefers partial shade and well draining, acidic soil. It has thick, leathery, dark green foliage and spikes of small bell flowers in the spring and edible purple berries in the fall	5-9
Sandwort	Arenaria montana	6"	Sandwort forms a mossy looking, mounding mat of deep green foliage. It produces a mass of small 1" flowers in late spring. Good for rock gardens or as a ground cover	4-9
Scarlet Sage	Salvia splendens	3-5 ft.	Scarlet Sage is a frost tender perennial that is usually grown as an annual. It blooms in various colors including scarlet, purple, orange, lavender and yellow. Remove old flowers for repeat blooms.
Scotch Heather	Calluna vulgaris	6-36"	Heather is a compact, shrubby, evergreen ground cover plant from Northern Europe that covers itself with spires of tiny, brightly colored bell-shaped flowers from late summer through fall.	4-9
Sedum 'Autumn Joy'	Sedum telephium	18-24"	Sedum Autumn Joy is a low maintenance, clump forming, succulent perennial plant with waxy, grey green foliage. Four inch clusters of tiny, star shaped flowers appear from mid summer until mid autumn	3-8
Siberian Iris	Iris siberica	12-18"	Siberian Irises are very durable and extremely hardy. They typically bloom in late May and into June. Siberian Iris should be divided every 3-4 years to ensure a quality show of blooms.	4-9
Silverberry	Eleagnus commutata	8-15 ft.	Silverberry is a trouble free, very spiny evergreen shrub with waxy, olive green foliage. It produces small clusters of vase shaped flowers in fall, which develop into berry-like fruits	7-9
Silver Mound Artemisia	Artemisia schmidtiana	10-12"	Silver Mound Artemisia forms a low growing, 12-24" mound of fragrant, fern-like, silvery grey foliage. The flowers that appear in mid summer are tiny and insignificant. Excellent accent plant for borders and rock gardens	3-9		x
Silver Shamrock	Oxalis adenophylla	3-4"	Also known as Pink Carpet Oxalis, the Silver Shamrock is a very hardy, bulb type plant with beautifully pleated, silvery-blue foliage and pink flowers with violet-pink tips and cranberry centers from late spring into summer.	4-10
Snapdragons	Antirrhinum majas	9-48"	Snapdragons produce tall stalks of fragrant flowers that attract both butterflies and hummingbirds throughout the summer. Snapdragons are easily grown from seed
Spike Speedwell	Veronica spicata	24"x36"	Containers, Cut Flowers Compact, spreading, clump forming plant with deep green or silvery, felt-like foliage. Produces 12" airy spikes of tiny flowers all summer. Remove spent flower spikes regularly to extend blooming season.	6-10
Spotted Deadnettles and Lamiums	Lamium species	4"-24"	Spotted Deadnettle is a spreading, semi-evergreen member of the mint family. They are known for their beautiful silver and green variegation patterns in the textured foliage and spires of dainty, hooded flowers in early summer	6-10
Star Jasmine	Trachelospermum jasminoides		Star Jasmine aka: Confederate Jasmine is a twining, evergreen vine that produces clusters fragrant white star-shaped blooms in early summer. Can be grown as a creeping ground cover	7-10
St. John's Wort	Hypericum calycinum	18-60"	St. John's Wort is a vigorous grower that is useful for erosion control but it can be invasive. This drought tolerant plant thrives on neglect. Herbal and Medicinal uses of St. John's Wort plants	3-9
Sweet William	Dianthus barbatus	6-12"	Sweet William is a clump forming, deciduous biennial that prefers alkaline soil and dislikes heat. They produce a steady supply of fragrant, showy flowers from late spring to late summer, sometimes extending right up until the first frost.
Sweet Woodruff	Galium odoratum	6-12"	Sweet Woodruff is a nice, mat forming ground cover for the shadier areas of your garden. Edible, fragrant green foliage and fragrant little white flowers in the springtime. Used for potpouri, a moth deterrant, roots used to make red dyes, flowers used to make yellow dyes	4-8
Thistle	Cirsium vulgare	2-6 ft.	There are many different species of Thistle, and nearly all of them are considered weeds. They are worst known for their prickly stems, prickly leaves and prickly flowers, but the butterflies like them Attracts Butterflies: Swallowtails, Dogface, Gulf Fritillary, Pearly Crescentspot, Milbert's Tortoiseshell, American Painted Lady, Red Admiral, Viceroy, Monarch	4-10
Tall Speedwell	Veronica longifolia	36"x18"	Containers, Cut Flowers Deciduous, clump forming plant with soft, deep green foliage with serrated edges. Produces long lasting, dense, 6" spikes of tiny flowers from late spring until mid summer. Cut plant back to 12" after blooming for a repeat show in the fall.	6-10
Toad Lily	Tricyrtis hirta	30-36"	The Common Toad Lily is an easy to care for, slow spreading, clump forming perennial with 4"-6", deep green leaves alternating along multiple, 30"-36" upright, arching stems. Tricyrtis hirta produces loose clusters of awesome Toad flowers at each node along the stem.	4-9
Trailing Petunia	Calibrachoa	6-8"	Calibracoa shares most of the features of a Petunia, except everything is shrunk down to about one fourth the size. Trailing Petunias are easy to care for, fast growing plants that will produce an abundance of Petunia-like blooms all summer long.	9-11
Tricolor Stonecrop	Sedum spurium 'tricolor'	4-6"	Stonecrop are creeping, succulent ground cover plants. It forms a loose carpet of small green, pink and white tri colored leaves. It produces clusters of tiny star flowers in the summer. Excellent for rock gardens or can be grown in a a planter.	2-9
Turkish Speedwell	Veronica liwanensis	3"x24"	Groundcover, Rock Gardens, Lawn Substitute Tough, drought tolerant evergreen, mat forming plant with tiny, glossy, evergreen leaves that turn reddish bronze in hot sun. Covers itself with clusters of bright blue flowers all summer. Tolerates occasional walking. Requires good drainage	5-9
Verbena	Verbena species	6"-5'	There are about 250 annual and perennial species of Verbena but there are only about a half dozen that are commonly cultivated. These easy to grow, long blooming plants are both heat and drought tolerant. Trailing forms of Verbena are excellent for growing in containers and hanging baskets.	vary
Wallflower	Erysimum	1-4 ft.	The Wallflower is an old-fashioned perennial garden flower which is usually grown as an annual or biennial because it tends to 'bloom itself to death'. The profusion of fragrant, bright orange flowers in early spring makes this plant an excellent choice for the butterfly garden, flower bed, or garden border.	6-9
Wild Ginger	Asarum species	6-10"	Wild Gingers are low growing, woodland perennials that are known for their showy, Cyclamen-like, heart shaped foliage and their very unique, three lobed flowers that hide from view below the foliage.	5-9
Wild Lilac	Ceanothus cuneatus	4-8 ft.	The Wild Lilac or Buckbrush is a drought tolerant shrub, native to the west coast. The sprays of white to light blue flowers are very fragrant in late Spring	6-10
Woolly Yarrow	Achillea tomentosa	9-12"	Woolly Yarrow is a very durable and low maintenance perennial with aromatic, greyish green, strap-like leaves. It produces small clusters that continue throughout the summer. Very drought tolerant	5-10
Yarrow	Achillea millefolium	2-4 ft.	Yarrow belongs to a group of plants that includes annual and perennial, drought resistant plants that will grow in almost any garden soil. It is a long blooming perennial wildflower with fern like greyish green foliage and 4-6" flower clusters	3-10
Zinnia	Zinnia elegans	6-40"	Zinnias are easy to grow annual plants that produce an abundance of brightly colored 2-3" flowers through the summer months. They grow well in containers and make excellent cut flower arrangements. They dislike wet foliage. Can be easily grown from seed

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