|
An Explanation of
Why We Use Botanical Names to Identify Plants
Occasionally, I am asked why I use botanical names for plants and shrubs,
rather than simply calling them by their common name.
To answer the question with an example, let me ask you a question....
Do you have an Elephant ear somewhere in your plant collection?
Is it an Alocasia odora, Colocasia esculenta, Philodendron bipinnatifidum, Haemanthus albiflos, or an Acacia dunnii?
These plants are all commonly called Elephant Ears!
Common names can vary from country to country, and region to region.
The botanical names are used worldwide, and are established by the
"International Code of Botanical Nomenclature".
Unless you knew the botanical name, it might be hard to figure out which Elephant Ear you were talking about.
- Alocasia odora is a tropical plant from Borneo, and Asia.
- Colocasia esculenta is the common Caladium, grown from bulbs.
- Philodendron bipinnatifidumis the common houseplant, Philodendron selloum.
- Haemanthus albiflos is a bulb grown plant, belonging to the same family as an Amaryllis.
- Acacia dunnii is a 20 foot tree, native to parts of the United States, as well as Australia.
|
|
Naming Plant Names
You don't have to learn Latin to grow beautiful plants. However, knowing a little bit about how and why plants are given their names, can be valuable knowledge when you are looking for growing advice or when you are shopping for a plant.
Plants are given botanical names based on an international system for naming each individual plant. This system was developed by Carl Linnaeus, an 18th century botanist.
Today, this cataloging is done by the group of botanists who analyze the characters and attributes of plants, and put them into the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.
Plants are given a first name called the "genus," and a second name called the "species".
Additional words may be added to the name to describe further subdivisions. This system provides people from throughout the world a universally accepted name for each single plant. The words used are a mixture of Latin, Greek, and native names. |
Defininition of Plant prefixes and suffixes
- A genus refers to a group of plants which share certain structural characteristics. The genus name may come from mythology, literature, people, places, or something the plant resembles.
- The species name usually refers to a place where the plant is native, the plant's appearance, or the name of the person credited with discovering it. Individual species are precisely identified by analyzing the flowers and seeds of each plant. The determining criteria might be the number of petals on the flower, or a certain characteristic of the seed.
- Varieties are subdivisions of species. They refer to naturally occurring changes or mutations which create a distinctively different plant in appearance. This often refers to flower color, or variations in growing habits.
- Cultivars refers to varieties which, although they occurred naturally, can only be replicated by asexual propagation and human intervention by cloning.
- Hybrid refers to new varieties of plants, which were created by humans through cross pollination of separate varieties. The naming of hybrids is usually done by the creator of the hybrid, and is proceeded by an 'x'.
For a quick example to illustrate how different terms are used in the naming process, I will use Blue bells of Scotland, Campanula rotundifolia.
- campan- means 'bell' and refers to the bell shaped flowers.
- rotund- means round, foli means leaves. (rotundifolia = round-leaved)
- When a new variety was discovered which had white flowers, rather than blue, it was given the designation 'alba' (meaning white) added at the end of the name.
Campanula rotundifolia 'alba' would therefore describe a plant with white, bell shape flowers, and round leaves.
It would be extremely difficult, if not impossible for an average gardener to memorize all of the root words for botanical names.
However, knowing a few of the more commonly used roots will help you to decipher some of the plant names.
The next time you visit the nursery, make a game of it, and see what you can figure out about a plant, just using the root words within the botanical name.
You will surely impress your friends! |
Flower / foliage colors |
| aurea, aureo |
golden |
| alba, albo |
white |
| glauca |
blue |
| rubra |
red |
| purpurea, atropurpurea |
purple |
| coccineus |
scarlet |
| croceus |
yellow |
|
Leaf shapes / forms |
| angustifolius |
narrow leaves |
| acerifolius |
maple-like leaves |
| aquifolius |
spiny leaves |
| buxifolius |
boxwood-like leaves |
| ilicifolius |
holly-like leaves |
| parvifolius |
small leaves |
| macrophylla |
large leaves |
| heterophylla |
varied size leaves |
|
Place of origin / discovery |
| africanus |
native to Africa |
| alpinus |
native to alpine regions |
| campestris |
native to plains and fields |
| canadensis |
native to Canada |
| canariensis |
native to the Canary Islands |
| chinesis |
native to China |
| japonicus |
native to Japan |
|
|
Plant parts / descriptions |
| dendron |
tree-like |
| flora, florum, florus |
flowers |
| phyllus, phylla, folia |
leaves |
| baccatus |
having berries |
| campan |
bell |
| rotund |
round |
| cordatus |
heart shaped |
| edulis |
edible |
| floridus |
free flowering |
| fulgens |
shiny |
| grandi |
large, showy |
| macro |
large |
| micro |
small |
| officinalis |
medicinal |
| plumosus |
feathery |
| rugosus |
wrinkled, rough |
|
Plant shapes / habits |
| altus |
tall |
| arboreus |
tree-like |
| compactus |
compact, dense |
| contortus |
twisted |
| elegans |
slender, willowy |
| humilis |
small, low growing |
| nanus |
dwarf |
| procumbens |
trailing |
| repens, reptans |
creeping |
| scandens |
climbing |
| marginata |
variegated margins |
| variegata |
varigated foliage |
| bicolor |
two color blend of variegation |
| tricolor |
three color blend of variegation |
| pendula |
weeping growth |
| zebrinus |
striped |
|
|
|
|
|
|
